Click to edit Master text styles
Second level
Third level
Fourth level
Fifth level
‹date/time›
Presented by: Sh Sudhir Kumar Mohanty=
‹#›
------=_NextPart_01CA4DE8.F32DB1D0
Content-Location: file:///C:/191159CD/Brain_skm_files/master03.xml
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/xml; charset="utf-8"
Presented
by: Sh Sudhir Kumar Mohanty
![](3D"master03_image001.gif")
![](3D"slide0001_image002.gif")
Parts of
Human Nervous = System
Human Nervous = System
Presented by:
Sh. Sudhir Kumar Mohanty
PGT-Bio
KV No.1, 2nd Shift, Unit-ix, BBSR
![](3D"slide0001_image003.gif")
![](3D"slide0001_image005.jpg")
![](3D"slide0001_image007.jpg")
![](3D"slide0001_image009.jpg")
![](3D"slide0001_image011.jpg")
![](3D"slide0001_image013.gif")
![](3D"slide0001_image014.gif")
Presented
by: Sh Sudhir Kumar Mohanty
The Human Brain
![](3D"slide0020_image015.jpg")
![](3D"slide0020_image016.gif")
Presented
by: Sh Sudhir Kumar Mohanty
The Human Brain
![](3D"slide0021_image017.jpg")
![](3D"slide0021_image018.gif")
Presented
by: Sh Sudhir Kumar Mohanty
Parts of Human Brain
![3D"Organization](3D"slide0022_image019.gif")
Human Nervous System
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Brain
Spinal Cord
Voluntary Nervous System
Involuntary (Autonomic) Nervous System
Cranial Nerves=
Spinal Nerves<=
/b>
Sympathetic Nervous System
Para
Sympathetic Ne=
rvous
System
Presented
by: Sh Sudhir Kumar Mohanty
Human Brain (Encephalon):
•Brain is t=
he
highest coordinating centre in the
body.
•It is situ=
ated
in the cranial cavity of skull.
•The bones =
of
cranium protect the brain mechanical
injury.
•Inside the=
box
the brain is contained in a fluid
filled balloon which provides further shock absorption.
•The study =
of
brain is called encephalogy.
•Brain weigh=
1.2
to 1.4 kg and constitutes 98% of
total nervous system.
Presented
by: Sh Sudhir Kumar Mohanty
Parts of Brain
•Brain is
differentiated into 03 parts. They are:
–Fore brain=
3;
–Mid brain
=
;
–Hind brain
Presented
by: Sh Sudhir Kumar Mohanty
![](3D"slide0034_image020.jpg")
Presented
by: Sh Sudhir Kumar Mohanty
![3D"Organization](3D"slide0025_image021.gif")
Parts of Brain
Brain
Fore Brain
Mid Brain
Hind Brain
=
Olfactory Lobes
Cerebrum
(cerebral
hemispheres=
)
Diencep-halon
Cerebral Peduncles
=
Corpora Quadrig-=
emina
Pons
Cerebe-llum
=
Medulla Oblongat=
a
Presented
by: Sh Sudhir Kumar Mohanty
1) Fore
Brain (Procencephalon):
•<=
/span>Olfactory
Lobes (2):
–A
pair of small bodies.
–<=
/span>Fully
covered by cerebral hemispheres.
–Receive
impulses from olfacto receptors (nose)
Presented
by: Sh Sudhir Kumar Mohanty
1) Fore
Brain (Procencephalon):
<=
span
style=3D'font-size:75%;font-weight:normal'>•Cerebrum (2 Cerebral hemispheres):
–Consists of two cerebral hemispheres, separated from each other by cerebral fissure.
=
<=
span
style=3D'font-size:71%;font-weight:normal'>–Surface is converted into ridges and furrows.
–Each cerebral hemisphere consists of four lobes. They are frontal, Parietal, temporal, occipital
=
–Frontal lobe – region for speech, muscular activities, <=
/span>mental activities
<=
span
style=3D'font-size:71%;font-weight:normal'>–Temporal lobe – region for auditory reception
<=
span
style=3D'font-size:71%;font-weight:normal'>–Occipital lobe – region for visual reception
=
–Parietal lobe – region for touch, taste, smell, temperature and conscious association.
–Each lobe has small areas called association areas which store information and experiences.
Presented
by: Sh Sudhir Kumar Mohanty
1) Fore
Brain (Procencephalon):
•Diencephalon:
–Lies on inf=
erior
side of cerebrum.
–Its roof is
called epithalamus, sides are called thalami
and floor is called hypothalamus.
–It has a n=
arrow
cavity called third ventricle.
–Hypothalamus
controls hunger, thirst, fatigue, sleep,
body temperature, sweating, emotions
–It secrets=
neuro
hormones which regulate the secretions
of anterior pituitary.
Presented
by: Sh Sudhir Kumar Mohanty
2) Mid =
Brain
(Mesencephalon):
•It is small
region.
•It consists of=
two
fibre tracts called Cruracerebri and two swellings calle=
d superior
and inferior colliculi.
•It controls r=
eflex
moments of :
–Head, neck, t=
runk
in response to visual and auditory stimuli.
–Eye muscles,
changes in pupil size and shape of eye lens.
Presented
by: Sh Sudhir Kumar Mohanty
3) Hind
Brain (Rhombencephalon)
•It consists of
three parts:
–Cerebellum &#=
8211;
Maintains body posture, equilibrium, muscle tone
=
–Pons Varoli &=
#8211;
Controls respiration
–Medulla Oblon=
gata
– Controls rate of heart beat, breathing movements,
expansion and contraction of blood vessels, swallowing,
coughing, sneezing and vomiting
Presented
by: Sh Sudhir Kumar Mohanty
Functions of Brain:
•Sensory information – receives information from <=
span
style=3D'position:absolute;top:24.25%;left:12.73%;width:81.46%;height:5.25=
%'>all the sensory receptors.
•Processing – processes the information and chooses appropriate response.
<=
span
style=3D'font-size:75%;font-weight:normal'>•Response – sends instructions to effector organs
•Control – controls the functioning of various body organs
•Coordination – coordinates working of different <=
span
style=3D'position:absolute;top:62.0%;left:12.73%;width:81.46%;height:5.25%=
'>organs
•Reflexes – centers for reflexes related to sound, sight etc.
•Faculties – seat of intelligence, memory, reasoning, learning and emotions.
<=
span
style=3D'font-size:75%;font-weight:normal;visibility:hidden'>•<=
/span>
Presented
by: Sh Sudhir Kumar Mohanty
How =
are
nervous tissues protected?
•Brain is c=
overed
over by cranium.
•Spinal cor=
d is
covered by vertebral column
•Additional
protecting coverings called meninges occur
between brain or spinal cord and the surrounding
skeleton.
•Meninges a=
re
three in numbers. They are:
–Duramater
– Thick, fibrous, lies in contact with internal surface of bony case.
–Arachnoid
– middle, thin, webby, porous, meninx-space is filled with a fluid.
–Piamater &=
#8211;
vascularised, pigmented, thick, meninx – space is filled with a fluid.
•Fluid arou=
nd
brain spinal cord protect them from shock.
•
Presented
by: Sh Sudhir Kumar Mohanty
![](3D"slide0033_image022.gif")
Differ=
ence
between cranial and spinal nerves:
1) They ar=
ise
from spinal cord
2) They are 31 pairs in numbers
3) They are mixed in nature
1) They ar=
ise
from brain
2) They are 12 pairs in numbers
3) They may be sensory, motor or mixed
SPINAL NERVES
CRANIAL NERVES
Presented
by: Sh Sudhir Kumar Mohanty
How doe=
s the
nervous tissue cause action?
•<=
/span>Nervous system generally operates through muscles.=
•Axon termin=
al in
contact with muscle fiber is broadened to function <=
span
style=3D'font-size:63%'>as motor end plate.
•When an im=
pulse
reaches the motor end plate, it induces the <=
span
style=3D'font-size:63%'>release of neuro transmitter.
•Neuro
transmitter sensitises the chemo receptor of muscle fibre =
membrane.
•<=
/span>Sodium channels of muscle fibre open.
<=
/span>
•Positive
potential develops due to entry of sodium which results in <=
span
style=3D'position:absolute;top:55.5%;left:7.3%;width:98.87%;height:4.5%'><=
span
style=3D'font-size:63%'>release of calcium ions from endoplasmic reticulum=
of
muscle fibre.
=
•Calcium ion=
s open
active sites of actin filaments and sensitises the =
myosin filament.
•Actin fila=
ments
slide over myosin filament, so that muscle fibre is =
shortened
•<=
/span>This causes contraction of muscle fibre.
Presented
by: Sh Sudhir Kumar Mohanty
![3D"THaNK](3D"slide0036_image023.gif")
![3D"The](3D"slide0036_image024.gif")
' + ENDSHOW_MESG + '
![](3D"notes_flag.gif")
No=
tes![](3D"buttons.gif")
![](3D"slide0001_image004.jpg"){kind=link}
![](3D"slide0001_image006.jpg"){kind=link}
![](3D"slide0001_image008.jpg"){kind=link}
![](3D"slide0001_image010.png"){kind=link}
![](3D"slide0001_image012.png"){kind=link}